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The Peacable Kingdom

lamb and lion amicably alongside each other, children play among big cats. And small in the background is the Quaker William Penn. He has just signed a contract with the Indians. Treaties with Indians! Of these, the Native Americans can even dream of. The picture is from the Quaker Edward Hicks. This is one of the early versions, it is painted 1826th He has painted this scene again and again. We do not know how many images there are, it is estimated that there are eighty (or hundred) have been. Always a little different in the details, but almost always in the background with William Penn. In the design of this scene recalls Hicks returned to a familiar image of an American painter who grew up in a Quaker family.

Benjamin West's William Penn's Treaty image with the Indians when he founded the Province of Pennsylvania in North America is natural history painting in the grand style , which does not Hicks' paintings are. For him, as for many Quakers, the image of the West has long been a symbol of peace. West was not the first that gives this scene design and painting. Only seven years before there was a picture of Jean Michel Moreau. This has become quite well known at that time in Germany because it was engraved by Heinrich Guttenberg 1789 in copper. I wanted to mention the name of G., and certainly after his shameful exit, not really. But the Heinrich Guttenberg I must mention at this time because he is a very popular engraver and this is the time in which to spread the knowledge of images of engravings. On the other hand, the little joke with the bourgeois and aristocratic engraver Guttenberg Guttenberg and trending is too tempting, as I could resist it.

Also from Benjamin West's picture, there has been a widespread copper engraving, which had been completed, the engraver John Hall for the London publisher John Boydell 1775th One can see in this picture of Hicks (William Penn this time only with no lions, lambs and kiddies) that Hicks after the etching, has not worked for the painting. Everything is reversed, the Indians just like the pose of William Penn.

The picture is based, and that was obvious to the pious Quaker Hicks, on a biblical passage in Isaiah 11, 6-8 where it says: The wolf shall dwell with the lamb, the leopard shall lie down with the kid. A little child shall lead the calf and the lion and the yearling together cow and the bear will go to the pastures, their young will lie down together;. And the lion shall eat straw like the ox . The jump from the Old Testament into America of William Penn the Quaker preacher, Hicks is easy to see how it at all is very common in America thanks to the Puritans and the so-called typology, and current events derive from the Bible.

Here we see a version of the image that The Peaceable Kingdom with the Leopard of Serenity means. Since the menagerie of animals has become much larger. The picture is a few years ago at Sotheby's New York for nearly 10 million U.S. dollars were sold - Hicks sold his pictures for twenty dollars - there is still there but a process. The buyer is suing Sotheby's, because they have driven the price artificially high. Yes, there is no peace among men, peace is only on the picture of Hicks. And all the peace and serenity in the world is the leopard in the middle. These are ten million U.S. dollars but not too much.

In the earliest version of the painting (ca. 1820) is the group of children and predators housed still very small in the right corner. Art historians take it as certain that Hicks, the group of animals with the child and a lion from a copper engraving by the English painter Richard copied Westall. And of course I have a picture immediately. That's the beauty in all the pictures on the internet that one art historical evidence for a response (almost) can always find the right images that illustrate what is said.

This is an early Hicks - with William Penn. Edward Hicks, who had a lucrative business with the painting of carriages, signs and tavern signs, has not, as his colleague Benjamin West and John Singleton Copley as a painter in the world of fine arts seen: If the Christian world was in the real spiririt of Christ, I do not believe there would be such a thing as a fine painter in Christendom. It clearly appears to me to be one of the trifling, insignificant arts Which has never been of any substantial advantage to mankind. Although in Pennsylvania at this time a rich folk art are naïve, you can find any connections from Hicks to these artists . The world of art it seems - like all Quakers - to have no interest. Besides his Peacable Kingdom he rarely painted other. Even George Washington as he crossed the Delaware. And a beautiful Noah's Ark (bottom figure). Otherwise, only farms with cows as the Cornell Farm - a touching picture. Ordering at amazon.com as a reproduction at prices 16-136 dollars.

Click on the picture painted by his nephew Thomas Hicks as a sixteen year old by him (since he is the first year Pupil of his uncle), he is currently playing with the lions in the lower right corner of the canvas on the easel. The almost manic ferocity, the Edward Hicks painting with his Peacable Kingdom has a reason, it is his escape from the religious struggles in the community of Quakers. In which even his older cousin, Elias plays a prominent role. There's just one hundred years in the new world and wants to build a model state - and then something like this. As Edward Hicks clings to the vision of Isaiah and the Treaty of William Penn with the Indians, the vision of a social structure that has a real society of friends is.

He has his picture almost always provided with its own poem. Sometimes (in the tradition of the sign painter) on the frame, sometimes on a printed card that the purchaser was presented: felt

The illustrious Penn his heavenly kingdom;
Then with Columbia's native sons he dealt:
Without an oath lasting a treaty, made
In Christian faith Elmtree's beneath the shade.

330 years ago today, has handed over to the English King Charles II to William Penn all the land from Maryland to the Delaware River as a colony. He had Debt to Penn's father, Admiral William Penn . 16 000 pounds, which would now be several million pounds. Penn wanted his new country first to call New Wales , then Sylvania. But the name has changed in the King Pennsylvania. This was William Penn a little embarrassing, because people might believe, the colony would be after him. The ideal society that he envisioned in which all live in peace holds, not so long ago. Religious conflicts are shaking the colony.

And there is trouble with the neighbors in Maryland, the descendants of Cecilius Calvert, second Lord Baltimore . We can not agree on the demarcation of the boundary. As are brought out two English astronomers and surveyors, Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon draw the famous Mason-Dixon Line through the wilderness. Thanks to Thomas Pynchon's wonderful novel, Mason & Dixon we know all about it.

On this screen now times are no lions, no leopard of serenity . But still, it exudes calm and peace. Everything is in a mysterious light. Whether you find that light in Pennsylvania? Or is it a heavenly light? There is a group of American Painters give to their artistic main feature of such mysterious light. They were called Luminists . One of these Luminists, Martin Johnson Heade, grew up in Bucks County, in the vicinity of Edward Hicks. It is believed that he got his first painting lessons from the Quaker preacher Hicks. Edward Hicks is the founder of the American Luminism? Would be a nice theory, but is not working. About Luminists I write someday again. As an appetizer, there is ever a picture of Martin Johnson Heade with a mysterious light.